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Printers Science.
Code: 208 |
Teaching Scheme
hrs/week |
Examination Scheme |
Theory |
Practical |
Theory
Marks |
Duration |
UT Marks |
Pr. Marks |
TW Marks |
4 |
-- |
80 |
3hrs |
20 |
-- |
-- |
Rationale:
Each printing process has a number of variables. Their properties
should be understood through scientific analysis in order to get
maximum utility. This course is incorporated to give knowledge
about materials used in different printing processes and their
properties; e.g.: Eutectic alloy in type casting or variables
used in paper manufacturing and their effect on properties of
paper, or manufacturing of different types of blankets or ink
ingredients, their characteristics & performance, ink drying
science. Problems in printing are also solved with proper application
of printers’ science.
| Lesson
No 1: Type Alloys
Theory.
|
Marks |
Hours |
| 1.1 |
Properties required for type alloy
|
6 |
5 |
1.2 |
Study of Lead, Tin, Antimony |
-- |
-- |
1.3 |
Alloys:
1) Printing alloy
2) Eutectic mixture
3) Oxidation losses
4) Impurities
|
-- |
-- |
Lesson No 2: Polymers
Theory.
|
Marks |
Hours |
| 2.1 |
Lesson No 2: Polymers Theory.
|
12 |
10 |
2.2 |
Division of plastic : Thermoset, thermoplastic,
rubber |
-- |
-- |
2.3 |
Natural polymer – Cellulose, cellulose
acetate, cellophane, cellulose nitrate |
-- |
-- |
2.4 |
Synthetic polymer –
1) Addition polymerization - Polythene, polypropylene,
Polyvinyl chloride
2) Condensation polymerization-Phenol formaldehyde
|
-- |
-- |
2.5 |
Cold curing |
-- |
-- |
2.6 |
Printing on plastics |
-- |
-- |
| Lesson
No3: Ink
Theory.
|
Marks |
Hours |
| 3.1 |
Ink component
1) Pigment: Properties of pigment, carbon black, white
pigment, natural pigment, organic pigment, synthetic pigment
2) Solvent – White spirit, aromatic hydrocarbon,
alcohol
3) Resin – Natural resin, synthetic resin, alkyt
resin,
phenolic resin, hypoxy resin , vinyl resin, melamide
formaldehyde, silicon resin
4) Oils – Drying oils – Linseed oil, tung
oil
Semidrying oil
Non drying oil
5) Dryer – Lead, cobalt, manganese
|
4 |
4 |
3.2 |
Manufacturing of ink
1) Paste ink-Mixing, milling by 3 cylinder mill(detailed
study) 2 cylinder mill, 1 cylinder mill (introduction)
2) Liquid ink-High speed mixer, ball mill, sand mill,
micro flow mill,
|
4 |
4 |
3.3 |
Drying methods of ink
1) Absorption
2) Oxidation and polymerization
3) Evaporation
4) Precipitation
5) UV ink drying
|
4 |
3 |
3.4 |
Types of ink
1) Paste ink – Offset, letterpress inks
2) Liquid inks – Flexo, gravure inks
|
4 |
4 |
3.5 |
Terminology
Tackiness, Thixotropy, Neutonial flow, yield value, piling,
Bleeding, Length, Light fastness, Viscosity, Setting, Ink
trapping, water logging
|
4 |
4 |
3.6 |
Quality control (practical)
Viscometer, Opacitimeter
Test for printability
Test for rub resistance
Test for heat resistance
Emulsification- Muller test
|
0 |
1 |
| Lesson
No 4 : Paper
Theory.
|
Marks |
Hours |
| 4.1 |
Definition of paper
|
2 |
1 |
4.2 |
Raw material for paper – cotton, cloth
rags, wood, bamboo, straw, jute, genera grass |
3 |
2 |
4.3 |
Fiber – Fiber structure, types of fiber |
3 |
2 |
4.4 |
Handmade paper- Qualities of hand made paper,
disadvantages of hand made paper |
2 |
2 |
4.5 |
Paper manufacturing process –
1) Pulp-mechanical pulp, chemical pulp, semi chemical
pulp
2) Screening ,cleaning , bleaching
3) Non fibrous material-filler, size
4) Defibring
5) Beating and refining,
|
5 |
6 |
4.6 |
Machine part- wire part, press part, drying
section
7) After treatments- calendaring, coating, tub sizing
|
3 |
2 |
4.7 |
Types of paper- News paper, cartridge, craft,
duplex, tissue, blotting, map litho, bond, art paper |
2 |
2 |
4.8 |
Quality control
1) Physical test – Grammage, Thickness, Density, Bulk,
Grain, Tensile strength, Folding strength, dimensional stability,
Surface strength, smoothness, fluffing
2) Optical – Opacity, Gloss, Colour
3) Other- Oil absorbency, water absorbency, P H
|
0 |
1 |
| Lesson
No 5: Adhesives
Theory.
|
Marks |
Hours |
| 5.1 |
Physical adhesive
|
8 |
7 |
5.2 |
Requirement of good adhesion |
-- |
-- |
5.3 |
Surface treatments for good adhesion |
-- |
-- |
5.4 |
Types of forces between adhesive and adherent |
-- |
-- |
5.5 |
Types of adhesive – Natural resin adhesive-
Animal glue, Gelatin, Casein, Starch, vinyl resin, Cellulose
resin adhesive, Rubber based adhesive, Inorganic adhesive,
synthetic resin adhesive
|
-- |
-- |
| Lesson
No 6: Rubber
Theory.
|
Marks |
Hours |
| 6.1 |
Introduction to rubber
|
6 |
4 |
6.2 |
Types of rubber – Natural and synthetic
rubber |
-- |
-- |
6.3 |
Types of elastomeric properties of covering
materials- |
-- |
-- |
6.4 |
Hardness, set , resilience, adhesion, solvent,
resistance, electrical resistivity |
-- |
-- |
6.5 |
Blanket manufacturing |
-- |
-- |
6.6 |
Requirement of good blanket |
-- |
-- |
6.7 |
Types of blanket- Hard, soft and medium |
-- |
-- |
| Lesson
No 7: Varnishes
Theory.
|
Marks |
Hours |
| 7.1 |
Definition of varnish
|
4 |
4 |
7.2 |
Requirement of good varnish |
-- |
-- |
7.3 |
Types of varnish |
-- |
-- |
7.4 |
Application of varnish |
-- |
-- |
| Lesson
No 8: Light sensitive materials
Theory.
|
Marks |
Hours |
| 8.1 |
Egg alum, fish glue, polyvinyl acetate, ammonium dichromate,
potassium dichromate, gelatin, potassium dichromate, diazo
compound.
|
4 |
4 |
8.2 |
Photopolymers, photo cross linkage, light hardening
reaction, and factor affecting it. |
-- |
-- |
8.3 |
Quality control
Physical test – Grammage, Thickness, Density, Bulk,
Grain, Tensile strength, Folding strength, dimensional stability,
Surface strength, smoothness, fluffing
Optical – Opacity, Gloss, Colour
Other- Oil absorbency, water absorbency, P H
Quality control
Viscometer, Opacitimeter
Test for printability
Test for rub resistance
Test for heat resistance
Emulsification- Muller test
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Implementation Strategy:
1)
Visit to manufacturing units of paper, ink, blankets.
2)
Use of audio-visual media.
Reference books:
1.
Printing Science – Young and Pateman
2.
Printing basic science – Wallis- Pergaman
3.
What the printer should know about ink- Scarlett – GATF
4.
What the printer should know about paper – Bureau - GATF
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